iStock/Thinkstock(RIYADH, Saudi Arabia) — At the stroke of midnight on Sunday, women in Saudi Arabia got behind the wheels of their cars and drove in the streets of the conservative capital Riyadh, a daily mundane act everywhere else but here. They marked the historic end to a ban on women driving, the culmination of more than three decades of activism.
Women, with beaming husbands and male relatives by their side in the passenger seats, appeared on Saudi television and on social media platforms driving in the streets of the kingdom. One addressed her fellow women from behind the wheel, “The sky’s the limit. Nothing can stop you.”
Traffic policemen were photographed handing out roses to female drivers, an extremely unusual act in a conservative, gender-segregated society where strict rules govern male-female interactions.
While some women had been hesitant to drive as soon as the ban lifted — preferring to wait and see how it goes — the first hours of Sunday in Saudi still saw an enthusiastic number of women driving.
One woman even reportedly got a speeding ticket, seemingly fitting in nicely with her countrymen’s taste for speed. Her husband playfully reported on Twitter that his wife was probably the first woman to be fined for speeding, driving 70 in a 55 mph zone. The tweet has since been deleted.
Yet not every woman who’s been eager to drive was able to. Some of the women who have been advocating for decades for this very right were still in jail after being detained at the end of May. They were not forgotten in this historic moment though. Fellow activist Manal al-Sharif, who lives in exile, tweeted an announcement of a new campaign channeling the miles women will now be able to drive; to obtain the release of the detained activists; and continue to push for the end of male guardianship laws, the next frontier in women empowerment in Saudi Arabia.
Excitement has been steadily building since the king announced the lifting of the ban on women driving last September. Over the past few months, women have enthusiastically gone to auto shows specifically geared toward them, signed up for driving lessons and traded in their foreign licenses for Saudi ones.
Pictures of women proudly holding their licenses have abounded on social media and have made the cover of one of the leading Arab women’s magazines, Sayidati.
Many Saudi women drive abroad, including in neighboring conservative Arab countries such as Bahrain or the United Arab Emirates. As such, 21 centers were set up to exchange foreign-issued driver licenses for Saudi ones across the provinces of the kingdom. And the first licenses were delivered at the beginning of the month.
The world’s most profitable oil company, Saudi Aramco, employing more than 60,000 people in the kingdom and running city-sized compounds, set up a driving school to train thousands of its female employees and female descendants of its employees. One of those brought in to oversee the effort was California driving instructor Norma Adrianzen, who moved to the eastern Saudi city of Dhahran two months ago, along with a Canadian and a British colleague. She has found her Saudi driving students exactly the same as the students she teaches in California, except for one difference: They are very cognizant of the historic nature of their undertaking.
“I really felt it became real for them the day they applied for their licenses. They all went quiet in the room. It was surreal and very emotional,” Adrianzen told ABC News.
The ages of the students at the school range from 18 to 50. Some already drive abroad; others are first-time drivers.
She expects to be in the country over the next two years, with thousands of eager students to teach. And her Canadian colleague Deborah Sherwood would even like to train some of the men in Saudi, known for their love of speed. “They could definitely use some of our training,” she told ABC News in jest. A woman training a man on how to drive in the conservative kingdom might still be a step too far even amid the liberalizing reforms underway.
It hasn’t been all smooth sailing though. On June 19, a news item circulated on Saudi Twitter saying that in the eastern province of Saudi, only 67 out of 13,000 female candidates passed the driving tests required, drawing the ire of some in the hyperactive Saudi Twittersphere.
Nevertheless, those who have gotten their Saudi driver’s license have described the moment as “surreal.”
Well-respected Saudi scholar Hatoon Ajwad Al- Fassi told local newspaper Arab News, “It is as if I have been recognized as an equal citizen. … I felt strange going in the front door of the main traffic department, one of the taboo places for women in Saudi Arabia.”
Yet this change has come at a steep price for others.
The activists who had become the faces of the decadeslong struggle to secure the right to drive were abruptly detained at the end of May. Though they had seemingly contributed to bringing about that change, they had quickly moved on to advocate for an end to the male guardianship law that compels women to seek the permission of their male relatives for traveling, conducting official business or undergoing certain medical procedures.
They had also recently started advocating for victims of domestic violence.
Their advocacy may not have played in their favor in a deeply patriarchal country — a country still ruled by an all-powerful monarch, where political dissent is not tolerated.
Four women and five men are in custody after being referred to the Specialized Criminal Court to be, per Saudi paper Okaz, all for allegedly conspiring against the national security of Saudi Arabia on behalf of foreign entities.
And in recent days, Human Rights Watch reported the arrest of two additional female activists who had publicly decried the earlier arrests.
The arrests puzzled many who had been enthused by the social reforms put in place by the powerful young prince. He is seen as the impetus behind the lifting of the driving ban as well as the return of cinemas to the kingdom and a relaxing of gender segregation in the workplace.
Nevertheless, Twitter has been alight with comments using a hashtag that translates to #Women_Driving_Cars. Some, like prominent Saudi television journalist Muna Abusulayman, tweeted lyrics from The Pointer Sisters’ 1980s hit “I’m So Excited.”
Others were more hesitant.
Some, mainly men, poked fun, tweeting memes showing children and a husband fighting over the backseat.
Or tweeted sexist advice urging women not to “put makeup while driving.”
Though some men were supportive, even pointing out how dismal and dangerous Saudi male driving is.
“Seeing a lot of commentary ridiculing and fear-mongering about women driving, but I’d like to show you a video I shot this morning from my car, this is how men drive, women won’t be worse!” one Twitter user wrote.
In addition to setting up driving schools and driving simulators, a special parking section for ladies only has already been set up in one of the most popular shopping malls in Riyadh.
Some slots formerly reserved for drivers with disabilities have been superseded by a newer pink stamp in the shape of a woman.
While some were delighted to see the signs, Haya AlNaeemi, a Saudi woman, commented that these measures “give the idea that the Saudi woman needs special attention and isn’t equal to the man, and will reinforce gender segregation in contrast to the mixing of the sexes while driving or at work.”
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